This math topic involves simplifying polynomial expressions, specifically quadratic expressions formatted as `(variable^2 + 2*variable + 1) / (variable + 1)`. The problems require factoring quadratics and reducing the resulting expressions, skills that are essential in advanced algebra, particularly in the study of polynomials and quadratics. The expressions in question use variables such as n, r, d, m, p, y, and x, requiring students to generalize their factoring and simplification skills across different variable representations. Each problem provides multiple-choice answers, indicating a focus on selecting the correct simplified form.