This math topic focuses on solving polynomial and quadratic equations. Specifically, it involves simplifying expressions of the form \((variable^2 + 2 \cdot variable + 1) / (variable + 1)\) and equating them to given constants to find the value of the variable. The problems progress through various variables and constants, emphasizing understanding and manipulating formulas from the Advanced Polynomials and Quadratics unit without the use of a calculator.