This math topic primarily focuses on solving exponents, specifically the concept of adding powers of the same base multiple times and equating it to another power of the same base. The problems given involve identifying the value of 'x' by recognizing patterns in the exponents. It covers exercises on simplifying powers and discovering the unknown exponent that balances the equation. The learners are required to use the laws of exponents to combine terms with similar bases from basic to slightly more complex scenarios. This area of algebra helps in understanding how powers and exponents work in mathematical expressions.