This math topic focuses on understanding and finding equivalent fractions by figuring out the ratio by which a fraction has been multiplied. It covers basic fractional concepts crucial for developing skills in handling ratios and equivalent fractions. The problems involve calculating and recognizing the multiplication factor required to transform one fraction into another, which is a fundamental aspect of working with fractions. The problems are structured to build foundational knowledge in equivalence among fractions, helping students grasp the relationships and operations involving fractional numbers.