This math topic focuses on converting inequalities into interval notation, specifically incorporating unions to describe domains and ranges of functions. The problems involve interpreting inequalities, such as "X < 9 or 12 < X," and selecting from provided interval notation options like "(-∞, 9) ∪ (12, ∞)." This practice helps develop skills in understanding and applying mathematical expressions for function boundaries within a range of real numbers, critical for topics in calculus and advanced algebra.