This math topic focuses on identifying and generating number patterns based on specific rules. The problems require students to determine which sequence adheres to a given mathematical pattern, such as a consistent multiplication or addition rule, or performing repetitive operations starting from an initial value. For example, students are asked to identify sequences where numbers are obtained by multiplying by 2 or adding a fixed number from a starting point. This helps in understanding the structure of sequences and enhances problem-solving skills related to arithmetic operations and pattern recognition.