This math topic focuses on applying the Pythagorean theorem to solve for missing lengths of a right triangle when given two sides. It specifically targets the ability to manipulate the Pythagorean equation \(a^2 + b^2 = c^2\) to find the unknown side, given the other sides as integers. The problems within this topic require learners to identify and compute the missing side labeled as 'a', 'b', or 'c', enhancing their skills in squaring numbers, taking square roots, and reformulating equations to isolate variables for solutions.