This math topic revolves around applying the Pythagorean Theorem to identify the correct relationship between the sides of a right triangle. Each problem presents a triangle with one missing side and two possible equations - one using the sum of squares and one with the difference. The objective is to select the equation that correctly represents the relationship based on the Pythagorean Theorem, ensuring that participants understand how to apply the theorem to calculate the hypotenuse or one of the other sides when given two lengths.